This is a simple Optical Communication system Circuit Diagram. An optical communication system uses a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal.
When electronic equipment is not employed the 'receiver' is a person visually observing and interpreting a signal, which may be either simple (such as the presence of a beacon fire) or complex (such as lights using color codes or flashed in a Morse code sequence). The circuit will modulate the light from the LED using a crystal microphone or a loudspeaker output.
Simple Optical Communication system Circuit Diagram
To obtain the maximum range, the optical system must be efficient (see example). Either a convex lens or a concave mirror can be used to convert the LED output into a parallel beam. The received light is concentrated onto a sensitive photodarlington transistor. At short range the signal across the load resistor is adequate to drive a crystal earpiece, for longer range an amplifier and a loudspeaker are needed.
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