Intro: A smart doorbell does not have to be an expensive shop-bought gadget. With an ESP32 board, a simple push button and a buzzer, you can build a doorbell that rings at the door and also sends a Telegram message to your phone, so you know someone is there even when you are in another room.
How It Works: When a visitor presses the button, the ESP32 detects the press and does two things at once: it sounds the buzzer as a local chime, and it uses its Wi-Fi connection to send a message through the Telegram Bot service to your phone. The message arrives within a few seconds on a normal home Wi-Fi network.
Components Required: ESP32 development board; push button switch; active buzzer (5V); USB power adapter and cable; jumper wires and a breadboard; a small enclosure to keep the board dry.
Circuit Connections: Push button one side to ESP32 GPIO 4, other side to GND, using the board's internal pull-up setting in the program. Buzzer positive to GPIO 5, negative to GND. Power the ESP32 from a USB 5V adapter. Keep all wiring on the low-voltage side only; this project does not use mains electricity.
Build Steps: 1. Wire the button and buzzer as listed and check the buzzer sounds on a test press. 2. Create a private Telegram bot and chat for alerts, following Telegram's own bot setup guide, and keep your bot token secret — never publish it in a post, a photo, or shared code. 3. Load a program that sends a short message such as "Someone is at the door" when GPIO 4 reads a press. 4. Test from another room and confirm the phone alert and the buzzer both respond. 5. Mount the button by the door and the board inside, away from rain.
Troubleshooting: No Telegram message: check Wi-Fi details and that the board is connected to the network. Buzzer silent: check its polarity and whether it is an active buzzer. False alerts: check the button wiring for a loose connection and add a short debounce delay in the program.
Safety Note: This project uses low-voltage 5V DC only. Keep the board dry, never work on wiring while it is powered if you are unsure, and never share your Telegram bot token with anyone. It is a DIY learning project, not a professional security system.
Going Further: Try adding a second button for a back door, a different message for each button, or a small LED that lights while the message is sending.
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